Pursuant to the legislation which came into force in 2002 air pollution sources are divided into several categories to carry out emission inventories. Complying with this categorisation, the ISKO system operated by CHMI includes REZZO 1–4 databases (Register of Emissions and Air Pollution Sources) which serve for archiving and presenting data on stationary and mobile air pollution sources.

Extra large, large and medium-sized air pollution sources are monitored individually as point sources, small sources at local level as area sources and mobile sources as line sources (road transport in sections controlled by vehicle census) and as area sources at district level (other mobile sources).

I. Extra large and large pollution sources - REZZO 1
II. Medium-sized pollution sources - REZZO 2
III. Small pollution sources - REZZO 3
IV. Mobile emission sources - REZZO 4.

The data used in the 2003 emission inventory of air pollutants from extra large and large sources (c. 3500 sources) was extracted from the summary operational inventory submitted by source operators to the Czech Environmental Inspection Office (ČIŽP) which is in charge of data collection and verification. Based on these data the REZZO 1 database has also been updated, i.e. constant and variable data on operation of air pollution sources (categorisation of sources, parameters, fuel consumption and emission quantity).

The medium-sized sources category includes data on about 30,000 sources. Emission inventory data for 2003 is in charge of the authorities of the basic administrative units with extended competences. They will be available after the deadline of this Yearbook and, consequently, all emission data for the year 2003 in the tables are preliminary.

Emissions from small sources (local heating units) have been inventoried based on the 1991 and 2001 General Census. Emission inventory is based on the model using updated data on climatic conditions, figures on heat consumption in household heating and consumption of particular fuel types calculated from them. Fuel composition is based on General Census information on the prevailing way of heating and on the used types of energy, updated annually according to data submitted by fuels and energy central suppliers.

Inventories of emissions from transport, falling within the competency of the Ministry of Transport, have been processed by the Transport Research Centre (CDV) Brno based on the method of determination of transport emissions. Emissions from agricultural and forest machines and other vehicles were calculated with the use of the data on sale and consumption of fuels for the year 2003.

Table 1.1 documents total emissions of principal air pollutants in 2003, and namely solid particles, SO₂, NO_x, CO, volatile organic compounds (VOC) and ammonia (NH₃) and shares contributed by each of the emission source categories monitored to total air pollutant emissions. More detailed data on regionally distributed emissions are shown in the CHMI website.

The development of total emissions of principal pollutants in 1990–2003 is shown in Fig. 1.1. The development of emissions in the period 2000–2003 shows gradual stabilization of stationary sources. Slight decrease of emissions from mobile sources resulting from current car fleet renovation, especially in personal motor cars, was interrupted by the increased emissions caused by truck traffic. The level of emissions should not markedly exceed the current values in the forthcoming years.

The detailed emission inventory of gases influencing the climatic system of the Earth is carried out in accordance with continuously improved international IPCC methodology. The detailed inventory will become the basis for checking the fulfilment of international obligations set by the Kyoto Protocol. The Czech Republic will have to reduce the total GHG emissions by 8 % as compared with the reference year 1990 by 2008–2012. The regular monitoring of GHG emissions meets also the requirements of the Council Decision 280/2004/EC. Due to continual development of the methods and the consistent implementation of QA/QC mechanisms the values are recalculated if necessary and therefore minor changes may occur in the shown data. The recalculations will be carried out also for the years 1991, 1993 and 1995. Total GHG emissions including the removals of these gases in the Czech Republic expressed as equivalent values of CO2 declined from 189.9 mil. tons in 1990 to 138.5 mil. tons in 2002 (see Tab. 1.2) and compared with the reference year 1990 they declined by 27.1 %.

Since 1995 inventories have been carried out of emissions of HFC, PFC and SF6 (substances containing fluorine, the so-called F-gases), the influence of which is also controlled by the Kyoto Protocol. Their current share in total GHG emissions amounts to 0.95 % in the Czech Republic. In 2002 the CO₂ emissions� share in total emissions was 85.6 %, of CH₄ 7.5 % and of N₂O 5.9 %. There have not been any significant statistical changes in the shown shares in the Czech Republic in recent years.

Table 1.3 covers heavy metals (HM) and POPs emissions. The emission inventories were produced mainly with the use of activity data (fuel and propellant consumption, incinerated waste quantity, statistical data on the production of selected technologies) and of the respective emission factors. In addition to Pb, Hg and Cd emissions presented until 2000 emissions of further monitored heavy metals have been calculated since 2001.

In 2003 the methods of HM and POPs emissions calculation and estimates were verified pursuant to internationally recommended procedures and for the first time the updated emission factors were used for the calculations for the year 2002. The recalculation of data on POPs emissions for the previous periods are carried out at present.

Table 1.4 demonstrates the consumption development of principal fuels of REZZO 1 sources in the period 1990–2002. A trend of marked decrease in brown coal and residual oil consumption by large emission sources contributed to a long-term decline in SO2 and particulates, mainly in the 1990–1997 period. The development of consumption of principal fuels of REZZO 3 sources between 1992 (data based on the inventory carried out by TECO Milevsko) and 2003 is shown in Fig. 1.2. Changes in residential heating in 1991 (data provided by General Census) and 2003 (updated situation) are shown in Fig. 1.3.

Emission data processed into charts with the help of GIS is shown in Figs. 1.4, 1.5, 1.6 and 1.7. Emission densities for solid particles, SO₂, NO_x and CO are plotted in 5 x 5-km grid-squares. The charts are based on current emissions from stationary sources (REZZO 1 to 3) and mobile sources (REZZO 4) for 2002, with regional disaggregation of emissions from line sources according to the 1995 vehicle census.

Among the most polluted regions of the Czech Republic with regard to emissions of principal air pollutants are counted continuously the region of the Capital City of Prague, Ústí nad Labem Region and the Moravian-Silesian Region. Comparison of the specific emissions in particular regions in 1990 and 2002 (Table 1.5 and Table 1.6) shows that in case of this coefficient expressive improvements occurred, especially reduction of SO2 and particulate emission.

Tab. 1.1 Total emissions of principal air pollutants in 2003 – preliminary data

Tab. 1.2 Total emissions of greenhouse gases, 1990 to 2002 [Mt CO_2ekv.]

Tab. 1.3 Total emissions of HMs and POPs between 1990 and 2002

Tab. 1.4 Fuel consumption in REZZO 1 sources between 1990 and 2002

Tab. 1.5 Specific emission from stationary sources (data for REZZO 4 were estimated), 1990

Tab. 1.6 Specific emission, 2002

Fig. 1.1 Total emissions of principal pollutants in the Czech Republic between 1990 and 2003

Fig. 1.2 Fuel consumption in REZZO 3 sources, 1992–2003

Fig. 1.3 Changes in residential heating in 2003 as compared to 1991

Fig. 1.4 Particulate emission density from 5x5 km squares, 2002

Fig. 1.5 Sulphur dioxide emission density from 5x5 km squares, 2002

Fig. 1.6 Nitrogen oxide emission density from 5x5 km squares, 2002

Fig. 1.7 CO emission density from 5x5 km squares, 2002