I. ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTANTS EMISSION IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC

The Department of Emissions and Sources has been authorized by the Ministry of the Environment to carry out emission inventories of air pollutants and greenhouse gases. In addition to the national and sector inventories, also inventories based on administrative units are produced (regions or districts). The methods and procedures are described at the Department�s websites (for instance.

I.1 Atmospheric pollutants� emissions
Pursuant to the legislation which came into force in 2002 air pollution sources are divided into several categories to carry out emission inventories. Complying with this categorisation, the Air Quality Information System (ISKO) operated by CHMI includes REZZO databases (Register of Emissions and Air Pollution Sources) which serve for archiving and presenting data on stationary and mobile air pollution sources.

Extra large, large and medium-sized air pollution sources are monitored individually as point sources, small sources at regional and local (only household heating) level as area sources and mobile sources as line sources (road transport in sections controlled by vehicle census) and as area sources at regional level (other mobile sources).

          I. Extra large and large pollution sources – REZZO 1
          II. Medium-sized pollution sources – REZZO 2
          III. Small pollution sources – REZZO 3
          IV. Mobile emission sources – REZZO 4

For the first time completely new forms were used for the collection of data of the Summary operating records of extra large, large and medium-sized sources which are the basis of the REZZO 1 and 2 databases. The new structure of data for the combustion sources, waste incinerators and other (technological) sources will enable to better process emission data, mainly for the purpose of international reporting. The list of data of Summary operation record is set by the Annex 7 of the Decree No. 205/2009 Coll.

Final data on emissions of all monitored sources are not available by the deadline of the Yearbook. Consequently, emission data for the year 2008 presented in the tables are preliminary.

Table I.1.1 documents data on total emissions of basic air pollutants in 2007, and namely total suspended particles (TSP), SO₂, NO_x, CO, volatile organic compounds (VOC) and ammonia (NH₃), and the shares contributed by each of the emission source categories to total air pollutant emissions. Preliminary data on the total amount of emissions of basic pollutants in 2008 are shown in Tab. I.1.2. More detailed data on regionally distributed emissions, incl. information on the methods, are presented in the CHMI website. The development of total emissions of basic pollutants in 1990–2008 is shown in Fig. I.1.1. The marked reduction of emissions of all monitored pollutants in 2008 was contributed mainly by energetics, and in case of NO_x and CO emissions also by mobile sources. The list of sources with the largest reduction is presented in Table I.1.3. The emission reduction is partly given by the limitation of SO₂ and NO_x emissions beginning from 2008, required by the EU legislation for the group of extra large combustion sources (Directive 2001/80/EC (the LCP Directive) and the follow-up Government Orders No. 112/2004 Coll. and No. 372/2007 Coll.), and partly by the impact of economic recession felt already in 2008.

Table I.1.4 covers total emissions of individual monitored heavy metals (HM) and persistent organic pollutants (POP). The emission inventory is based mainly on the data from the REZZO database with the use of statistical data (fuel and propellant consumption, the production of selected technologies) and of the respective emission factors. The significant sources of heavy metals emissions include those from power engineering (large power plants and heating plants), various technological processes (metallurgy, production of glass and cement) and in case of lead also transport. Significant POP emissions come from small combustion sources, from certain metallurgical processes, and PAH emissions also from road transport, coke production and bitumen mixture plants.

Fig. I.1.2 shows the changes in the structure of consumption of principal fuels of REZZO 1 sources in 1990 and in 2007. The graphs document the constantly large share of solid fuels combustion. The development of consumption of principal fuels of REZZO 3 sources between 1992 (data based on the inventory carried out by TECO Milevsko) and 2008 is shown in Fig. I.1.3. Changes in residential heating in 1991 (data provided by General Census), 2000 and 2008 (updated situation) are shown in Fig. I.1.4.

Emission data processed into charts with the help of GIS are shown in Figs. I.1.5, I.1.6, I.1.7, I.1.8. Emission densities for NO_x, TSP, sulphur dioxide and carbon monoxide are plotted in 5 x 5-km grid-squares. The charts are based on emissions from stationary sources (REZZO 1 to 3) and mobile sources (REZZO 4) for the year 2007, with regional disaggregation of emissions from line sources according to the updated 2005 vehicle census.

Emissions assessment

The decline of pollutant� emissions, as indicated by the preliminary results for the year 2008, shows the possible solution how to improve ambient air quality through insistent implementation of the respective legislation by the state administration bodies responsible for air quality protection. In addition to the decisions of regional authorities, setting the emission ceilings for extra large combustion sources in accordance with the Government Order No. 112/2004 Coll., there has been also the positive impact of the legislative measures set by the Act on integrated pollution prevention No. 76/2002 Coll. (IPPC). Similar instruments, including the voluntary commitments to emission limitation, should lead in the future not only to further reduction of pollutants� emissions and greenhouse gases but mainly to the improvement of ambient air quality in the Czech Republic, which is an essential need.

Tab. I.1.1 Total emissions of basic air pollutants in 2007– final data

Tab. I.1.2 Total emissions of basic air pollutants in 2008 – preliminary data

Tab. I.1.3 The overview of plants with the highest year-to-year decrease of emissions

Tab. I.1.4 Total emissions of HMs and POP between 1990 and 2007

Fig. I.1.1 Total emissions of basic pollutants in the Czech Republic between 1990 and 2008

Fig. I.1.2 Changes in types of fuels in the REZZO 1 sources between 1990 and 2007 (shares of heat contained in the fuel)

Fig. I.1.3 Fuel consumption in REZZO 3 sources, 1992–2008

Fig. I.1.4 Changes in residential heating – comparison of 1991, 2000 and 2008

Fig. I.1.5 Nitrogen oxides emission density from 5x5 km squares, 2007

Fig. I.1.6 Emission density of total suspended particles from 5x5 km squares, 2007

Fig. I.1.7 Sulphur dioxide emission density from 5x5 km squares, 2007

Fig. I.1.8 Carbon monoxide emission density from 5x5 km squares, 2007