Pursuant to the legislation which came into force in 2002 air pollution sources are divided into several categories to carry out emission inventories. Complying with this categorisation, the ISKO system operated by CHMI includes REZZO 1–4 databases (Register of Emissions and Air Pollution Sources) which serve for archiving and presenting data on stationary and mobile air pollution sources.

Extra large, large and medium-sized air pollution sources are monitored individually as point sources, small sources at local level as area sources and mobile sources as line sources (road transport in sections controlled by vehicle census) and as area sources at district level (other mobile sources).

I. Extra large and large pollution sources - REZZO 1
II. Medium-sized pollution sources - REZZO 2
III. Small pollution sources - REZZO 3
IV. Mobile emission sources - REZZO 4.

The data used in the 2006 emission inventory of air pollutants from extra large and large sources (c. 3600 sources) are extracted from the summary operational inventory submitted by source operators to the Czech Environmental Inspection Office (ČIŽP) which is in charge of data collection and verification. Based on these data the REZZO 1 database is also updated, and namely the constant and variable data on operation of air pollution sources (categorisation of sources, parameters, fuel consumption and emission quantity). The medium-sized sources category includes data on about 30,000 sources. Data processing for emission inventory and REZZO 2 database is in charge of the authorities of the basic administrative units with extended competencies.

Final data on emissions from REZZO 1 and REZZO 2 sources were not available by the deadline of the Yearbook. Consequently, emission data for the year 2006 presented in the tables are preliminary.

Emissions from small sources (local heating units) have been inventoried based on the 1991 and 2001 General Census. Emission inventory is based on the model using updated data on climatic conditions, figures on heat requirements for household heating and on consumption of particular fuel types calculated from them. Fuel consumption structure is based on General Census information on the prevailing way of household heating and on the used types of energy, updated annually according to data submitted by fuels and energy central suppliers. The used methodology was modified in 2006 and the recalculation of the emission amount for the period 2000–2006 reflected i.a. the changed calculation of degree days, higher efficiency of boilers and higher average caloric capacity of wood.

Inventories of emissions from transport, falling within the competency of the Ministry of Transport, have been processed by the Transport Research Centre (CDV) Brno based on the updated method of determination of transport emissions. In connection with the correction of basic input activity data, recalculations of emissions were carried out, beginning from the year 2000. Inventories of emissions from other mobile sources are based on the reported statistical data and the respective emission factors.

Table I.1 documents recalculated data on total emissions of basic air pollutants in 2005, and namely total suspended particles (TSP), SO₂, NO_x, CO, volatile organic compounds (VOC) and ammonia (NH₃), and the shares contributed by each of the emission source categories to total air pollutant emissions. Preliminary data on the total amount of emissions of basic pollutants in 2006 are shown in Tab. I.2. More detailed data on regionally distributed emissions are shown in the CHMI website. The development of total emissions of basic pollutants in 1990–2006 including the recalculations of emissions from residential heating and mobile sources for the period 2000–2006 are shown in Fig. I.1.

Greenhouse gases emissions
The emissions and removals inventory of gases influencing the climatic system of the Earth (greenhouse gases) is carried out in accordance with international methodology of IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change). This inventory is also used for checking the complying with the international obligations set by the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change and its Kyoto Protocol. The Czech Republic will have to reduce the total GHG emissions by 8 % as compared with the reference year 1990 by 2008–2012 (1995 was set as the reference year for HFC, PFC and SF6). The regular monitoring of GHG emissions meets also the requirements of the Decision No. 280/2004/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council. Due to the development of the methods and the rigorous implementation of QA/QC mechanisms the values are recalculated if necessary and therefore minor changes may occur in the shown data.

In the Czech Republic, the total GHG emissions including their removals expressed as equivalent values of carbon dioxide (CO_2ekv) declined from 194.5 mil. tons in 1990 to 141.0 mil. tons in 2005 (see Table I.3). The emissions (without removals from land use and forestry) decreased from 196.3 mil tons to 145.7 mil. tons. Consequently, compared with the reference year 1990 they declined by 25.8 %. Since 1995 emissions of HFC, PFC and SF6 (substances containing fluorine, the so-called F-gases), the influence of which is also controlled by the Kyoto Protocol, have been included. Their current share in total GHG emissions amounted to 0.5 % in the Czech Republic in 2005. In 2005, the relevant shares in total emissions were 86.4 % for CO₂, 7.6 % for CH₄ and 5.5 % for N₂O. No significant changes have been observed during the recent years.
Recently, the CHMI launched a new methodology for preliminary estimates for the previous year within the national emission reporting. This method uses also data from the verified emission inventories of the emission trading system to make the estimates, as the standard inventory of greenhouse gases takes more than one year. These preliminary estimates for the year 2006 are presented for the first time in the Yearbook.
The more detailed data on emissions and removals of greenhouse gases are available in the CHMI website.

Table I.5 covers total emissions of individual monitored heavy metals (HM) and persistent organic pollutants (POP). The emission inventory is based mainly on the data from the REZZO database with the use of statistical data (fuel and propellant consumption, the production of selected technologies) and of the respective emission factors.
The emission inventory of heavy metals and POP for the year 2005 includes, in addition to the emissions determined with the use of standard methods (emission calculation with the use of capacity data and standard emission factor) also emissions submitted directly by the operators of sources. This results in the increase of total emissions of heavy metals. i.e. emissions from the group of extra-large combustion sources, whose operators are legally obliged to measure heavy metals and POP emissions once in three years and report them to the summary operational inventory.
The significant sources of heavy metals emissions include those from power engineering (large power plants and heating plants), various technological processes (metallurgy, production of glass and cement) and in case of lead also transport. Significant POP emissions come from small combustion sources, metallurgical processes and PAH emissions also from coke production and bitumen mixture plants.

Fig. I.2 shows the changes in the structure of consumption of principal fuels of REZZO 1 sources in the period 1990–2005. The graphs document the constantly large share of solid fuels combustion. The development of consumption of principal fuels of REZZO 3 sources between 1992 (data based on the inventory carried out by TECO Milevsko) and 2006 is shown in Fig. I.3. Changes in residential heating in 1991 (data provided by General Census), 2000 and 2006 (updated situation) are shown in Fig. I.4. The comparison of emissions from residential heating with regard to temperature changes during the heating season is shown in Fig. I.5.

Emission data processed into charts with the help of GIS are shown in Figs. I.6–I.11. Emission densities for NOx, TSP, selected heavy metals and POP are plotted in 5 x 5-km grid-squares. The charts are based on emissions from stationary sources (REZZO 1 to 3) and mobile sources (REZZO 4) for the year 2005, with regional disaggregation of emissions from line sources according to the updated 2005 vehicle census.

The change in the emission loads by air pollution sources in the selected territories is illustrated by the comparison of specific emissions in 1990 and 2005 (Tables I.6 and I.7).

Tab. I.1 Total emissions of basic air pollutants in 2005 – recalculated data

Tab. I.2 Total emissions of basic air pollutants in 2006 – preliminary data

Tab. I.3 Total emissions of greenhouse gases, 1990 to 2006 [Mt CO_2ekv]

Tab. I.4 Emissions of greenhouse gases structured by sectors, 1990 to 2006 [Mt CO_2ekv]

Tab. I.5 Total emissions of HM and POP between 1990 and 2005

Tab. I.6 Specific emission, 1990

Tab. I.7 Specific emission, 2005

Fig. I.1 Total emissions of basic pollutants in the Czech Republic between 1990 and 2006

Fig. I.2 Changes in fuel structure in REZZO 1, 2005 as compared to 1990

Fig. I.3 Fuel consumption in REZZO 3 sources, 1992–2006

Fig. I.4 Changes in residential heating – comparison of 1991, 2000 and 2006

Fig. I.5 Changes in REZZO 3 emission quantities at constant structure of flats and fuels (100 % = average for 2001–2005)

Fig. I.6 Nitrogen oxides emission density from 5x5 km squares, 2005

Fig. I.7 Emission density of total suspended particles from 5x5 km squares, 2005

Fig. I.8 Lead emissions from 5x5 km squares, 2005

Fig. I.9 Cadmium emissions from 5x5 km squares, 2005

Fig. I.10 Mercury emissions from 5x5 km squares, 2005

Fig. I.11 PCDD/F emissions from 5x5 km squares, 2005